Cellular Respiration and the Mighty Mitochondria


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Explore how ATP is made in 3 steps of aerobic cellular respiration with the Amoeba Sisters! This also compares this process to photosynthesis and introduces ATP structure. This video has a handout here:

We appreciate feedback on our videos and pin clarifications on our videos if needed. We do wish we had been more clear stating that the Krebs cycle “‘indirectly” requires oxygen” instead of just stating it “requires oxygen” —as we do not want to imply that oxygen is a reactant in the Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle). While oxygen is not a reactant for the Krebs Cycle, the oxidation steps of the Krebs Cycle cannot occur without the presence of oxygen. (Thus, the Krebs Cycle is considered an aerobic process)
Reference Source: OpenStax

36 ATP? 38 ATP? The big thing we want to emphasize, as we do in the video, is this number is an estimate. It’s likely not even as high as those numbers everytime. And regarding the video note about how ATP may need to be used to shuttle in NADH from glycolysis—here’s a question answered by Miller and Levine that you may find helpful:

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The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky’s certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. For more information about The Amoeba Sisters, visit:

We cover the basics in biology concepts at the secondary level. If you are looking to discover more about biology and go into depth beyond these basics, our recommended reference is the FREE, peer reviewed, open source OpenStax biology textbook:

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